1.4 Drug Administration Essentials

The proper administration of medications is a cornerstone of effective therapy. This section provides a detailed look into the various facets of drug administration, ensuring that pharmacy technicians are well-equipped to guide patients and healthcare professionals.

Strengths/Dose

The strength or dose of a medication refers to the amount of active ingredient it contains. This determines the medication's therapeutic effect and potential side effects.

Fixed-Dose vs. Titration

While some medications have a fixed dose, others require titration, where the dose is adjusted based on the patient's response or blood levels.

Dosage Forms

Different medications come in various forms, each designed for specific administration routes and therapeutic needs.

Tablets and Capsules

Solid forms that are taken orally. They can be immediate-release or designed for extended release.

Liquids

Includes solutions, suspensions, and syrups. They are often used for patients who have difficulty swallowing solids.

Topicals

Designed for external application, including creams, ointments, and gels.

Routes of Administration

The path by which a drug is taken into the body is crucial for its effectiveness.

Oral

Taken by mouth and absorbed through the digestive system.

Intravenous (IV)

Administered directly into the bloodstream for rapid effect.

Topical

Applied on the skin or mucous membranes.

Inhalation

Delivered into the lungs, commonly used for respiratory conditions.

Special Handling and Administration Instructions

Some medications require specific handling or administration techniques to ensure safety and efficacy.

Light-Sensitive Medications

Require protection from light to maintain their potency.

Temperature-Sensitive Medications

Need to be stored at specific temperatures, often refrigerated.

Shaking Before Use

Some suspensions need to be shaken well to ensure even distribution of the active ingredient.

Duration of Drug Therapy

The length of time a patient needs to be on a medication can vary based on the condition being treated and the drug's nature.

Short-Term Therapy

For acute conditions, like infections or pain.

Long-Term Therapy

For chronic conditions, such as hypertension or diabetes.

Key Points

• Strengths/Dose: Refers to the amount of active ingredient in a medication.
• Dosage Forms: Various forms like tablets, liquids, and topicals cater to different needs.
• Routes of Administration: The path by which a drug enters the body, influencing its effect.
• Special Instructions: Some drugs require specific handling or administration techniques.
• Duration of Therapy: Can be short-term or long-term based on the condition and drug.

Conclusion

Understanding the intricacies of drug administration is vital for pharmacy technicians. This knowledge ensures that patients receive the right medication, in the correct form, through the appropriate route, and for the necessary duration. By mastering these essentials, pharmacy technicians play a pivotal role in optimizing drug therapy outcomes.